Oracle Linux 10でWordPressサーバを立てる

Oracle Cloud InfrastructureでOracle Linux 10イメージがリリースされました。

2025/09/09時点では Oracle-Linux-10.0-2025.08.31-0 というバージョンでした。

こちらを使用してWordPressサーバを立ててみる手順です

ただ、2025/09/09時点ではOracle Linux 10用のOracle Cloud Agentが完成していない、ということで、いまいちお勧めできない状況です。

記事修正履歴

2025/09/09: 作成

準備1: Oracle Cloud用手順

準備1-1: IPv6アドレス割り当て:Oracle Cloudコンソール側

Oracle Cloudのコンソールを開いて、インスタンスにIPv6アドレスを割り当てます。

また、割り当てられたIPv6アドレスを確認します。

準備1-2: インスタンス側操作

Oracle Linux 10のイメージではIPv6が有効化されていたので、特に設定する必要はありませんでした。

準備 1-3: クラウドネットワークのセキュリティリストにhttp,https用設定

Oracle Cloudの[ネットワーキング]-[仮想クラウドネットワーク]にて、作成されているvcnを選択

[セキュリティ]をクリックし、「セキュリティリスト」を開き、登録されている「Default Security List for vcn~」をクリック

[セキュリティルール]タブにて、「イングレスルール」として以下を追加する

ソースタイプ: CIDR
ソースCIDR: 0.0.0.0/0
IPプロトコル: TCP
ソースポート範囲: all
宛先ポート範囲: 80,443
説明: http

準備2: 一般的な前準備

準備2-1: 日本時間にする

日本に住んでいる場合、日本時間表記の方が使いやすいので、OSも日本時間表示に設定する。

$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Japan
$ 

手順2-2:swap追加

Oracle Linux 8からメモリ1GB環境ではEPELレポジトリ追加後のdnfコマンド処理で応答がなくなることが多発している。

調査した結果、メモリとスワップが少ないと発生し、Oracle Linux 9環境では合計で5GB程度ないと支障がでる、ということがわかった。

2025/09/09時点での Oracle-Linux-10.0-2025.08.31-0 ではスワップは約1GBと足らない状態となっている。

追加のファイルスワップを作成できそうな領域は「/パーテーション」か「/var/oledパーテーション」となるので、どちらかにファイルスワップを作成する

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo fallocate -l 4G /var/oled/swapfile
[opc@oci10 ~]$ ls -l /var/oled/swapfile 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4294967296 Sep  9 13:35 /var/oled/swapfile
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo chmod 600 /var/oled/swapfile 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ ls -l /var/oled/swapfile 
-rw-------. 1 root root 4294967296 Sep  9 13:35 /var/oled/swapfile
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo mkswap /var/oled/swapfile 
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4 GiB (4294963200 bytes)
no label, UUID=bdd4f7a6-1dcc-43c8-bb2d-8f42ac2faf3f
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

作成したファイルをスワップとして登録

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo swapon /var/oled/swapfile 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ swapon --show
NAME               TYPE SIZE   USED PRIO
/.swapfile         file 951M 144.4M   -2
/var/oled/swapfile file   4G     0B   -3
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /proc/swaps 
Filename                                Type            Size            Used            Priority
/.swapfile                              file            973820          147908          -2
/var/oled/swapfile                      file            4194300         0               -3
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

/etc/fstabにスワップファイルの記述「/var/oled/swapfile none swap sw 0 0」を追加

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /etc/fstab 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 16 02:09:25 2025
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
UUID=7d252e5c-0a4d-4f09-afca-58d232b956c2 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=02208839-bc64-488a-9f5f-b87452a0f76d /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=9A6D-CFD1          /boot/efi               vfat    defaults,uid=0,gid=0,umask=077,shortname=winnt 0 2
UUID=81c1f07e-ee73-470f-b0ec-d21ad8693c3e /var/oled               xfs     defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,nodev,nosuid,noexec      0 0
######################################
## ORACLE CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE CUSTOMERS
##
## If you are adding an iSCSI remote block volume to this file you MUST
## include the '_netdev' mount option or your instance will become
## unavailable after the next reboot.
## SCSI device names are not stable across reboots; please use the device UUID instead of /dev path.
##
## Example:
## UUID="94c5aade-8bb1-4d55-ad0c-388bb8aa716a"   /data1    xfs       defaults,noatime,_netdev      0      2
##
## More information:
## https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/Block/Tasks/connectingtoavolume.htm
/.swapfile      none    swap    sw      0       0
/var/oled/swapfile      none    swap    sw      0       0
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

準備2-3: パッケージを最新にアップデートする

現時点でインストール済みパッケージを最新にします。

$ sudo dnf update -y
<略>
$ sudo reboot

手順2-4:日本語Locale対応

ja_JP.UTF-8など日本語Localeで設定した際、「Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8」というメッセージが出力される場合があります。

その場合は日本語Localeを追加インストールします。

$ sudo dnf install langpacks-ja 
<略>
$

手順2-5:kdump無効化

メモリが1GBしかないので、kdump.serviceの実行に失敗したりしている。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ systemctl status kdump
× kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kdump.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2025-09-09 12:01:53 JST; 1h 24min ago
 Invocation: 1833096bfd314195995486c8d6963173
   Main PID: 2556 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Mem peak: 3.3M
        CPU: 59ms

Sep 09 12:01:52 oci10 systemd[1]: Starting kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming...
Sep 09 12:01:53 oci10 kdumpctl[2586]: kdump: No memory reserved for crash kernel
Sep 09 12:01:53 oci10 kdumpctl[2586]: kdump: Starting kdump: [FAILED]
Sep 09 12:01:53 oci10 systemd[1]: kdump.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Sep 09 12:01:53 oci10 systemd[1]: kdump.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Sep 09 12:01:53 oci10 systemd[1]: Failed to start kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming.
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

ダンプとっても使わないし、エラーとならないようkdumpを無効化してしまいます。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl disable kdump.service
Removed '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kdump.service'.
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順3: EPELレポジトリの追加

EPELレポジトリを使うので、使用できるようにします。

手順3-1:レポジトリの状態を確認

現状のレポジトリ設定状況を「sudo dnf repolist –all」を実行して確認します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf repolist --all
repo id                                                                                                                                 repo name                                                                                                                                                                status
ol10_RDMA                                                                                                                               Oracle Linux 10 (x86_64) RDMA                                                                                                                                            disabled
ol10_UEKR8                                                                                                                              Oracle Linux 10 UEK Release 8 (x86_64)                                                                                                                                   enabled
ol10_addons                                                                                                                             Oracle Linux 10 Addons (x86_64)                                                                                                                                          enabled
ol10_appstream                                                                                                                          Oracle Linux 10 Application Stream Packages (x86_64)                                                                                                                     enabled
ol10_baseos_latest                                                                                                                      Oracle Linux 10 BaseOS Latest (x86_64)                                                                                                                                   enabled
ol10_codeready_builder                                                                                                                  Oracle Linux 10 CodeReady Builder (x86_64) - (Unsupported)                                                                                                               disabled
ol10_developer                                                                                                                          Oracle Linux 10 Development Packages (x86_64)                                                                                                                            disabled
ol10_distro_builder                                                                                                                     Oracle Linux 10 Distro Builder (x86_64) - (Unsupported)                                                                                                                  disabled
ol10_ksplice                                                                                                                            Ksplice for Oracle Linux 10 (x86_64)                                                                                                                                     enabled
ol10_oci_included                                                                                                                       Oracle Linux 10 OCI Included Packages (x86_64)                                                                                                                           enabled
ol10_u0_baseos_base                                                                                                                     Oracle Linux 10 BaseOS GA (x86_64)                                                                                                                                       disabled
ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                                                                                  Oracle Linux 10.0 EPEL Packages for Development (x86_64)                                                                                                                 disabled
ol10_x86_64_userspace_ksplice                                                                                                           Ksplice aware userspace packages for Oracle Linux 10 (x86_64)                                                                                                            disabled
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

有効化するために「sudo dnf config-manager –set-enabled ol10_u0_developer_EPEL」を実行します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled ol10_u0_developer_EPEL
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf repolist --all
repo id                                                                                                                                 repo name                                                                                                                                                                status
ol10_RDMA                                                                                                                               Oracle Linux 10 (x86_64) RDMA                                                                                                                                            disabled
ol10_UEKR8                                                                                                                              Oracle Linux 10 UEK Release 8 (x86_64)                                                                                                                                   enabled
ol10_addons                                                                                                                             Oracle Linux 10 Addons (x86_64)                                                                                                                                          enabled
ol10_appstream                                                                                                                          Oracle Linux 10 Application Stream Packages (x86_64)                                                                                                                     enabled
ol10_baseos_latest                                                                                                                      Oracle Linux 10 BaseOS Latest (x86_64)                                                                                                                                   enabled
ol10_codeready_builder                                                                                                                  Oracle Linux 10 CodeReady Builder (x86_64) - (Unsupported)                                                                                                               disabled
ol10_developer                                                                                                                          Oracle Linux 10 Development Packages (x86_64)                                                                                                                            disabled
ol10_distro_builder                                                                                                                     Oracle Linux 10 Distro Builder (x86_64) - (Unsupported)                                                                                                                  disabled
ol10_ksplice                                                                                                                            Ksplice for Oracle Linux 10 (x86_64)                                                                                                                                     enabled
ol10_oci_included                                                                                                                       Oracle Linux 10 OCI Included Packages (x86_64)                                                                                                                           enabled
ol10_u0_baseos_base                                                                                                                     Oracle Linux 10 BaseOS GA (x86_64)                                                                                                                                       disabled
ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                                                                                  Oracle Linux 10.0 EPEL Packages for Development (x86_64)                                                                                                                 enabled
ol10_x86_64_userspace_ksplice                                                                                                           Ksplice aware userspace packages for Oracle Linux 10 (x86_64)                                                                                                            disabled
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順4: インターネット公開用設定

手順4-1: fail2ban導入

公開サーバは各種のアタックにさらされます。管理用sshポートにもやってきます。

多少なりとも軽減するためにEPELレポジトリ収録のfail2banを使用します。

$ sudo dnf install fail2ban -y
<略>
$

カスタム設定は/etc/fail2ban/jail.local に対して行います。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /etc/fail2ban/jail.local 
[DEFAULT]
# 86400秒=24時間以内に5回不審なアクセスがあったら24時間BAN
bantime  = 86400
findtime  = 86400
maxretry = 5
# 259200秒=3日以内に5回不審なアクセスがあったら3日間BAN
#bantime  = 259200
#findtime  = 259200
#maxretry = 5
# 除外IP
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12 192.168.0.0/16
[sshd]
enabled = true
banaction = firewallcmd-ipset
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

上記設定では24時間BANにしていますが、まぁ、3日BANでもかまわないとは思います。(本当に間違えた場合に困るのでほどほどにしておくとよい)

fail2banをOS起動時に実行する設定と、今すぐfail2banを起動するコマンドを実行します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl enable --now fail2ban
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/fail2ban.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/fail2ban.service'.
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

以降、アタックがあると /var/log/fail2ban.log にログが出ます。

手順4-2: Webサーバ用ポート公開設定

この段階では、dhcpv6-clientとsshのみが許可されています。

Webサーバ公開用にhttp(ポート80)とhttps(ポート443)を追加します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
  target: default
  ingress-priority: 0
  egress-priority: 0
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens3
  sources: 
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  forward: yes
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
success
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
success
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
success
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
  target: default
  ingress-priority: 0
  egress-priority: 0
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens3
  sources: 
  services: dhcpv6-client http https ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  forward: yes
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順5: php 追加

Oracle Linux 8と9であったmoduleで複数バージョン提供という機能はOracle Linux 10ではなくなりました。(Using DNF Modules and Application Streams)

No modular packages are available for Oracle Linux 10. Different versions of userspace packages continue to be available as Application Streams but don’t use the package modularity available in previous releases.

なので、単純に「dnf install php」でインストールします。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install php -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:46 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                       Architecture                                                      Version                                                                             Repository                                                                     Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 php                                                                           x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                 75 k
Installing dependencies:
 apr                                                                           x86_64                                                            1.7.5-2.el10                                                                        ol10_appstream                                                                135 k
 apr-util                                                                      x86_64                                                            1.6.3-21.el10                                                                       ol10_appstream                                                                102 k
 apr-util-lmdb                                                                 x86_64                                                            1.6.3-21.el10                                                                       ol10_appstream                                                                 14 k
 capstone                                                                      x86_64                                                            5.0.1-6.el10                                                                        ol10_appstream                                                                1.0 M
 httpd-core                                                                    x86_64                                                            2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                1.8 M
 httpd-filesystem                                                              noarch                                                            2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                9.1 k
 httpd-tools                                                                   x86_64                                                            2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                 91 k
 libxslt                                                                       x86_64                                                            1.1.39-8.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                208 k
 mailcap                                                                       noarch                                                            2.1.54-8.el10                                                                       ol10_baseos_latest                                                             39 k
 nginx-filesystem                                                              noarch                                                            2:1.26.3-1.0.1.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                                 31 k
 oracle-logos-httpd                                                            noarch                                                            100.1-1.0.3.el10                                                                    ol10_baseos_latest                                                             53 k
 php-common                                                                    x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                815 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 apr-util-openssl                                                              x86_64                                                            1.6.3-21.el10                                                                       ol10_appstream                                                                 16 k
 httpd                                                                         x86_64                                                            2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                 63 k
 mod_http2                                                                     x86_64                                                            2.0.29-2.el10_0.1                                                                   ol10_appstream                                                                177 k
 mod_lua                                                                       x86_64                                                            2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                 55 k
 php-cli                                                                       x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                3.7 M
 php-fpm                                                                       x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                1.9 M
 php-mbstring                                                                  x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                584 k
 php-opcache                                                                   x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                430 k
 php-pdo                                                                       x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                158 k
 php-xml                                                                       x86_64                                                            8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                     ol10_appstream                                                                225 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  23 Packages

Total download size: 12 M
Installed size: 57 M
Downloading Packages:
<略>
  Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            23/23 
  Running scriptlet: php-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    23/23 

Installed:
  apr-1.7.5-2.el10.x86_64                            apr-util-1.6.3-21.el10.x86_64                 apr-util-lmdb-1.6.3-21.el10.x86_64      apr-util-openssl-1.6.3-21.el10.x86_64      capstone-5.0.1-6.el10.x86_64            httpd-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64        httpd-core-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64         
  httpd-filesystem-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.noarch      httpd-tools-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64      libxslt-1.1.39-8.el10_0.x86_64          mailcap-2.1.54-8.el10.noarch               mod_http2-2.0.29-2.el10_0.1.x86_64      mod_lua-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64      nginx-filesystem-2:1.26.3-1.0.1.el10.noarch     
  oracle-logos-httpd-100.1-1.0.3.el10.noarch         php-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64                    php-cli-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64          php-common-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64          php-fpm-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64          php-mbstring-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64       php-opcache-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64              
  php-pdo-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64                     php-xml-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64               

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

php 8.3.19がインストールされました。

手順6: MySQL設定編

Oralce Linux 10ではMySQL 8.4.4 か mariadb 10.11.11が提供されています。

とりあえず、Oracle直営なのでMySQLを使っておきます。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install mysql8.4-server -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:17:41 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                               Architecture                                                      Version                                                                     Repository                                                                     Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql8.4-server                                                                       x86_64                                                            8.4.4-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                 18 M
Installing dependencies:
 libicu                                                                                x86_64                                                            74.2-5.el10_0                                                               ol10_baseos_latest                                                             10 M
 mariadb-connector-c-config                                                            noarch                                                            3.4.4-1.el10                                                                ol10_baseos_latest                                                            8.8 k
 mecab                                                                                 x86_64                                                            0.996-9.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                390 k
 mysql-selinux                                                                         noarch                                                            1.0.13-2.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                 37 k
 mysql8.4                                                                              x86_64                                                            8.4.4-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                2.4 M
 mysql8.4-common                                                                       noarch                                                            8.4.4-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                102 k
 mysql8.4-errmsg                                                                       noarch                                                            8.4.4-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                545 k
 protobuf-lite                                                                         x86_64                                                            3.19.6-11.el10                                                              ol10_appstream                                                                262 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  9 Packages

Total download size: 32 M
Installed size: 199 M
Downloading Packages:
<略>
  Running scriptlet: mysql8.4-server-8.4.4-2.el10.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             9/9 

Installed:
  libicu-74.2-5.el10_0.x86_64            mariadb-connector-c-config-3.4.4-1.el10.noarch    mecab-0.996-9.el10.x86_64    mysql-selinux-1.0.13-2.el10.noarch    mysql8.4-8.4.4-2.el10.x86_64    mysql8.4-common-8.4.4-2.el10.noarch    mysql8.4-errmsg-8.4.4-2.el10.noarch    mysql8.4-server-8.4.4-2.el10.x86_64   
  protobuf-lite-3.19.6-11.el10.x86_64   

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

mysqldを自動起動する設定といますぐ起動する設定をします。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service'.
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

WordPress用データベースを作成します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.4.4 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database DB名 character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> create user wordpress@localhost identified by 'パスワード';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on DB名.* to wordpress@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順7-1: httpdインストール

httpdをインストールします。

Oracle Linux 10.0ではWebサーバとして Apache(httpd) 2.4.63 、nginx 1.26.3が使えるが、apacheを使う。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install httpd -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:23:31 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Package httpd-2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

よく見たらphpインストール時にインストールされていました。

手順7-2: dehydratedによるLet’s Encrypt導入

Let’s EncryptによるSSL証明書導入はcertbotを使うのが一般的ではあるのだが、python環境とあわせてパッケージサイズが大きいので、コンパクトでEPELにも収録されているdehydratedを使用する。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install dehydrated -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:25:08 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                  Architecture                                                         Version                                                                        Repository                                                                            Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 dehydrated                                                               noarch                                                               0.7.1-6.el10_0                                                                 ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                               156 k
Installing dependencies:
 s-nail                                                                   x86_64                                                               14.9.24-12.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                       641 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages

Total download size: 797 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading Packages:
<略>
Installed:
  dehydrated-0.7.1-6.el10_0.noarch                                                                                                                             s-nail-14.9.24-12.el10.x86_64                                                                                                                            

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

dehydratedによるSSL証明書取得処理には /var/www/dehydrated が使用されるためディレクトリを作成します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo mkdir /var/www/dehydrated
[opc@oci10 ~]$

http://~/.well-known/acme-challenge でアクセスした時に上記ディレクトリが開くようApacheの設定を /etc/httpd/conf.d/dehydrated.conf として作成します。(sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/dehydrated.conf )

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/dehydrated.conf
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/dehydrated.conf 
Alias /.well-known/acme-challenge /var/www/dehydrated
<Directory /var/www/dehydrated/>
</Directory>
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

httpdを起動します

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl start httpd
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

SSL証明書を発行するホスト名を /etc/dehydrated/domains.txt に記載する。(sudo vi /etc/dehydrated/domains.txt)

$ sudo vi /etc/dehydrated/domains.txt
$ sudo cat /etc/dehydrated/domains.txt
ホスト1名.ドメイン名 ホスト2名.ドメイン名
$

登録操作を開始します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dehydrated --register
# INFO: Using main config file /etc/dehydrated/config
# INFO: Using additional config file /etc/dehydrated/conf.d/local.sh

To use dehydrated with this certificate authority you have to agree to their terms of service which you can find here: https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.5-February-24-2025.pdf

To accept these terms of service run "/bin/dehydrated --register --accept-terms".
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dehydrated --register --accept-terms
# INFO: Using main config file /etc/dehydrated/config
# INFO: Using additional config file /etc/dehydrated/conf.d/local.sh
+ Generating account key...
+ Registering account key with ACME server...
+ Fetching account URL...
+ Done!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

初回のSSL証明書発行処理を実行します。

$ sudo dehydrated --cron
# INFO: Using main config file /etc/dehydrated/config
# INFO: Using additional config file /etc/dehydrated/conf.d/local.sh
 + Creating chain cache directory /etc/dehydrated/chains
Processing ホスト1名.ドメイン名 with alternative names: ホスト2名.ドメイン名
 + Creating new directory /etc/dehydrated/certs/ホスト1名.ドメイン名 ...
 + Signing domains...
 + Generating private key...
 + Generating signing request...
 + Requesting new certificate order from CA...
 + Received 2 authorizations URLs from the CA
 + Handling authorization for ホスト1名.ドメイン名
 + Handling authorization for ホスト2名.ドメイン名
 + 2 pending challenge(s)
 + Deploying challenge tokens...
 + Responding to challenge for ホスト1名.ドメイン名 authorization...
 + Challenge is valid!
 + Responding to challenge for ホスト2名.ドメイン名 authorization...
 + Challenge is valid!
 + Cleaning challenge tokens...
 + Requesting certificate...
 + Checking certificate...
 + Done!
 + Creating fullchain.pem...
 + Done!
 + Running automatic cleanup
$

手順7-3: WebサーバへのSSL証明書設定

まず、httpdにmod_sslを追加します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install mod_ssl -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:33:34 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                Architecture                                                          Version                                                                                Repository                                                                     Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mod_ssl                                                                x86_64                                                                1:2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                113 k
Installing dependencies:
 sscg                                                                   x86_64                                                                3.0.5-9.el10                                                                           ol10_appstream                                                                 50 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages

Total download size: 163 k
Installed size: 366 k
Downloading Packages:
<略>
Installed:
  mod_ssl-1:2.4.63-1.0.1.el10_0.2.x86_64                                                                                                                             sscg-3.0.5-9.el10.x86_64                                                                                                                            

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

標準の /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf は使わず、Mozilla SSL Configuration Generatorベースの設定を /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl-mozilla.conf として作成します。(なお、ssl.conf には”Listen 443 https”設定もあるので、そのままにしています)

また、Let’s encryptingを使用する場合2025年5月以降OCSPに対応しなくなりました(Removing OCSP URLs from Certificates)

このため、「SSLUseStapling Off」を設定します

# generated 2025-09-09, Mozilla Guideline v5.7, Apache 2.4.63, OpenSSL 3.2.2, intermediate config
# https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/#server=apache&amp;version=2.4.63&amp;config=intermediate&amp;openssl=3.2.2&amp;guideline=5.7

# this configuration requires mod_ssl, mod_rewrite, mod_headers, and mod_socache_shmcb
&lt;VirtualHost *:80>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/.well-known/acme-challenge/
    RewriteRule ^.*$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,QSA,L]
&lt;/VirtualHost>

&lt;VirtualHost *:443>
    SSLEngine on

    # curl https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/ffdhe2048.txt >> /path/to/signed_cert_and_intermediate_certs_and_dhparams
    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/dehydrated/certs/<ホスト名>/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/dehydrated/certs/<ホスト名>/privkey.pem

    # enable HTTP/2, if available
    Protocols h2 http/1.1

    # HTTP Strict Transport Security (mod_headers is required) (63072000 seconds)
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000"
&lt;/VirtualHost>

# intermediate configuration
SSLProtocol             -all +TLSv1.2 +TLSv1.3
SSLOpenSSLConfCmd       Curves X25519:prime256v1:secp384r1
SSLCipherSuite          ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305
SSLHonorCipherOrder     off
SSLSessionTickets       off

SSLUseStapling Off
SSLStaplingCache "shmcb:logs/ssl_stapling(32768)"

httpdを再起動します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順8: WordPress導入

手順8-1: WordPressの基本インストール

WordPressのWebから最新版をダウンロードして、/var/www/html以下に展開します。
(日本語環境向けのlatest-ja.tar.gzファイルを使っていないのはWordpressプラグインが正常にインストールできるかを確認するためにWP Multibyte Patchを手動インストールする手順を入れているためです)

[opc@oci10 ~]$ cd /var/www/html
[opc@oci10 html]$ ls
[opc@oci10 html]$ sudo curl -O https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 25.6M  100 25.6M    0     0  4909k      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:-- 5921k
[opc@oci10 html]$ ls
latest.tar.gz
[opc@oci10 html]$ sudo tar xfz latest.tar.gz 
[opc@oci10 html]$ ls -l
total 26300
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26925441 Sep  9 14:33 latest.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root     4096 Jul 16 00:09 wordpress
[opc@oci10 html]$ sudo rm latest.tar.gz 
[opc@oci10 html]$ ls
wordpress
[opc@oci10 html]$

WordPressディレクトリの所有者をWebサービスのユーザである「apache」に変更します。

[opc@oci10 html]$ ps -ef|grep http
root       66623       1  0 14:30 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     66624   66623  0 14:30 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     66625   66623  0 14:30 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     66639   66623  0 14:30 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     66644   66623  0 14:30 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     66808   66623  0 14:31 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
opc        66961    7040  0 14:34 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto http
[opc@oci10 html]$ sudo chown -R apache:apache wordpress/
[opc@oci10 html]$ ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 5 apache apache 4096 Jul 16 00:09 wordpress
[opc@oci10 html]$ 

/var/www/html/wordpress をDocumentRootとするように ssl-mozilla.conf に追加して、httpdを再起動します。

[opc@oci10 html]$ sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl-mozilla.conf 
[opc@oci10 html]$ cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl-mozilla.conf 
# generated 2025-09-09, Mozilla Guideline v5.7, Apache 2.4.63, OpenSSL 3.2.2, intermediate config
# https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/#server=apache&version=2.4.63&config=intermediate&openssl=3.2.2&guideline=5.7

# this configuration requires mod_ssl, mod_rewrite, mod_headers, and mod_socache_shmcb
<VirtualHost *:80>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/.well-known/acme-challenge/
    RewriteRule ^.*$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,QSA,L]
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/wordpress
    SSLEngine on

    # curl https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/ffdhe2048.txt >> /path/to/signed_cert_and_intermediate_certs_and_dhparams
    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/dehydrated/certs/<ホスト名>/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/dehydrated/certs/<ホスト名>/privkey.pem 

    # enable HTTP/2, if available
    Protocols h2 http/1.1

    # HTTP Strict Transport Security (mod_headers is required) (63072000 seconds)
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000"
</VirtualHost>

# intermediate configuration
SSLProtocol             -all +TLSv1.2 +TLSv1.3
SSLOpenSSLConfCmd       Curves X25519:prime256v1:secp384r1
SSLCipherSuite          ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305
SSLHonorCipherOrder     off
SSLSessionTickets       off

SSLUseStapling Off
SSLStaplingCache "shmcb:logs/ssl_stapling(32768)"
[opc@oci10 html]$ 
[opc@oci10 html]$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
[opc@oci10 html]$ 

手順8-2: 「missing the MySQL extension」がでる場合の手順

いまの状態でブラウザからアクセスすると、下記の表示になります。

これはphpからMySQLにアクセスするためのパッケージがインストールされていないためなので、php-mysqlndを追加して、httpdを再起動します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install php-mysqlnd -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:55:51 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                     Architecture                                                           Version                                                                         Repository                                                                      Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 php-mysqlnd                                                                 x86_64                                                                 8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                                 211 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 211 k
Installed size: 378 k
Downloading Packages:
<略>
Installed:
  php-mysqlnd-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

WordPressの設定手順を進めると wp-config.php に書き込めない、と出ますので、「sudo vi /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php」を実行し、指定された内容を記載します。

よくヤル凡ミスとして、wordpress DBのユーザ名を指定するところで「ユーザ名@localhost」としてしまう、ということ。「ユーザ名」だけじゃないと接続できません

なお、wordpressの表示言語を日本語にすることは手順9-3で、パーマリンクのURL型式を変更する、というのは手順12の .htaccess に関する設定を入れてからにします。

手順9: SELinux設定

手順9-1: httpdのネットワーク接続問題

一見するとここまででうまく動いているように見えます。

しかし、プラグインをインストールしようとするとエラーになります。

/var/log/audit/audit.logを確認すると下記のようなログが出ています。

type=AVC msg=audit(1622095859.957:2064): avc:  denied  { name_connect } for  pid=8908 comm="php-fpm" dest=443 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:http_port_t:s0 tclass=tcp_socket permissive=0
type=AVC msg=audit(1622095868.397:2065): avc:  denied  { name_connect } for  pid=8313 comm="php-fpm" dest=443 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:http_port_t:s0 tclass=tcp_socket permissive=0
type=AVC msg=audit(1622095868.401:2066): avc:  denied  { name_connect } for  pid=8313 comm="php-fpm" dest=80 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:http_port_t:s0 tclass=tcp_socket permissive=0

これはhttpd_can_network_connect という値で制御されている

現在の設定値を「sudo getsebool -a |grep httpd_can_network」で確認し、「sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on」で有効にする

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /var/www/html/wordpress/wp-config.php
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo getsebool -a |grep httpd_can_network
httpd_can_network_connect --> off
httpd_can_network_connect_cobbler --> off
httpd_can_network_connect_db --> off
httpd_can_network_memcache --> off
httpd_can_network_redis --> off
httpd_can_network_relay --> off
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect on
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo getsebool -a |grep httpd_can_network
httpd_can_network_connect --> on
httpd_can_network_connect_cobbler --> off
httpd_can_network_connect_db --> off
httpd_can_network_memcache --> off
httpd_can_network_redis --> off
httpd_can_network_relay --> off
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

この変更ではhttpdの再起動は不要。

手順9-2: php-fpmの書き込み権限問題

プラグインやテーマのインストールについては問題なくても、WordPressのアップデートが出来ない。

このときの/var/log/audit/audit.logは下記

type=AVC msg=audit(1694506911.363:1538): avc:  denied  { write } for  pid=51364 comm="php-fpm" name="wordpress" dev="dm-0" ino=34891933 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 tclass=dir permissive=0

こちらは/var/www/html/wordpress に対して httpdから書き込みが行えるような SELinuxのコンテキストをつけることで解決する。

「sudo chcon -R -t httpd_sys_script_rw_t /var/www/html/wordpress」

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo ls -lZ /var/www/html/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 5 apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 4096 Sep  9 14:39 wordpress
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo chcon -R -t httpd_sys_script_rw_t /var/www/html/wordpress
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo ls -lZ /var/www/html/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 5 apache apache unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0 4096 Sep  9 14:39 wordpress
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順9-3:Wordpressプラグイン追加の動作確認

WordPressプラグインがインストールできる状態になっているかを確認するために「WP Multibyte Patch」をインストールします。

これをインストールするとWordpressの設定画面([Settings]-[General])に「Site language(サイトの言語)」が追加され、「日本語」表示に切り替えることができるようになります。

手順10: WordPressで取り扱えるファイルサイズの拡大

WordPressで取り扱えるファイルは標準状態だと2MBになっている。

WordPressのドキュメントのFile Upload Sizes を見ると、これはphpの設定ファイル /etc/php.ini による制限となっている。

Oracle Linux 10の標準設定では下記の値となっている。

<略>
post_max_size = 8M
<略>
upload_max_filesize = 2M
<略>

よくある手順だと軽率に /etc/php.ini を書き換えていますが、 /etc/php.d/ 以下にファイルを追加することで、そちらの設定項目を優先させることができる機能があるため、 /etc/php.d/90-wordpress.ini に変更したい2行だけを記載したファイルを作成します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /etc/php.d/90-wordpress.ini
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /etc/php.d/90-wordpress.ini 
post_max_size = 100M
upload_max_filesize = 100M
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

phpの設定変更を反映させるために「sudo systemctl restart php-fpm」を実行します。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl restart php-fpm
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順11: WordPressのSite Health Status対応

WordPressのサイトステータスを見てみると、いくつかパッケージを要求されている。

Oracle Linux 10.0では php-pecl-imagick php-pecl-zip php-intl をインストールする

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install php-pecl-imagick php-pecl-zip php-intl -y
Last metadata expiration check: 1:10:03 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                                    Architecture                                                 Version                                                                      Repository                                                                    Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 php-intl                                                                                   x86_64                                                       8.3.19-1.el10_0                                                              ol10_appstream                                                               228 k
 php-pecl-imagick                                                                           x86_64                                                       3.8.0-1.el10_0                                                               ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                       163 k
 php-pecl-zip                                                                               x86_64                                                       1.22.3-5.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                82 k
Installing dependencies:
 ImageMagick-libs                                                                           x86_64                                                       1:7.1.1.43-1.el10_0                                                          ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                       2.7 M
 LibRaw                                                                                     x86_64                                                       0.21.3-1.el10_0                                                              ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                       430 k
 adobe-mappings-cmap                                                                        noarch                                                       20230622-5.el10                                                              ol10_appstream                                                               2.3 M
 adobe-mappings-cmap-deprecated                                                             noarch                                                       20230622-5.el10                                                              ol10_appstream                                                               128 k
 adobe-mappings-pdf                                                                         noarch                                                       20190401-9.el10                                                              ol10_appstream                                                               728 k
 cairo                                                                                      x86_64                                                       1.18.2-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               725 k
 cairo-gobject                                                                              x86_64                                                       1.18.2-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                17 k
 cups-filesystem                                                                            noarch                                                       1:2.4.10-11.el10                                                             ol10_baseos_latest                                                            13 k
 cups-libs                                                                                  x86_64                                                       1:2.4.10-11.el10                                                             ol10_baseos_latest                                                           266 k
 fftw-libs-double                                                                           x86_64                                                       3.3.10-15.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                               1.1 M
 fontconfig                                                                                 x86_64                                                       2.15.0-7.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               333 k
 fribidi                                                                                    x86_64                                                       1.0.14-4.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               101 k
 gd                                                                                         x86_64                                                       2.3.3-20.el10_0                                                              ol10_appstream                                                               149 k
 gdk-pixbuf2                                                                                x86_64                                                       2.42.12-4.el10_0                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               605 k
 giflib                                                                                     x86_64                                                       5.2.1-22.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                57 k
 google-droid-sans-fonts                                                                    noarch                                                       20200215-22.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               2.7 M
 gpgmepp                                                                                    x86_64                                                       1.23.2-6.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               139 k
 graphviz                                                                                   x86_64                                                       9.0.0-15.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               1.6 M
 highway                                                                                    x86_64                                                       1.2.0-7.el10_0                                                               ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                       455 k
 imath                                                                                      x86_64                                                       3.1.10-4.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               104 k
 jasper-libs                                                                                x86_64                                                       4.1.0-5.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                               166 k
 jbig2dec-libs                                                                              x86_64                                                       0.20-7.el10                                                                  ol10_appstream                                                                79 k
 jbigkit-libs                                                                               x86_64                                                       2.1-31.el10                                                                  ol10_appstream                                                                59 k
 lcms2                                                                                      x86_64                                                       2.16-6.el10                                                                  ol10_appstream                                                               188 k
 libXft                                                                                     x86_64                                                       2.3.8-8.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                                77 k
 libXpm                                                                                     x86_64                                                       3.5.17-5.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                70 k
 libXrender                                                                                 x86_64                                                       0.9.11-8.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                28 k
 libdatrie                                                                                  x86_64                                                       0.2.13-11.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                32 k
 libgs                                                                                      x86_64                                                       10.02.1-16.el10_0                                                            ol10_appstream                                                               3.7 M
 libijs                                                                                     x86_64                                                       0.35-24.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                                29 k
 libjpeg-turbo                                                                              x86_64                                                       3.0.2-4.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                               256 k
 libjxl                                                                                     x86_64                                                       1:0.10.4-1.el10_0                                                            ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                       1.2 M
 liblerc                                                                                    x86_64                                                       4.0.0-8.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                               221 k
 liblqr-1                                                                                   x86_64                                                       0.4.2-26.el10_0                                                              ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                        57 k
 libpaper                                                                                   x86_64                                                       1:2.1.1-7.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                                32 k
 libraqm                                                                                    x86_64                                                       0.10.1-1.el10_0                                                              ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                        25 k
 librsvg2                                                                                   x86_64                                                       2.57.1-9.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               1.5 M
 libthai                                                                                    x86_64                                                       0.1.29-10.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                               219 k
 libtiff                                                                                    x86_64                                                       4.6.0-6.el10_0                                                               ol10_appstream                                                               239 k
 libtool-ltdl                                                                               x86_64                                                       2.4.7-13.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                35 k
 libwebp                                                                                    x86_64                                                       1.3.2-8.el10                                                                 ol10_appstream                                                               298 k
 libwmf-lite                                                                                x86_64                                                       0.2.13-6.el10_0                                                              ol10_u0_developer_EPEL                                                        87 k
 libzip                                                                                     x86_64                                                       1.10.1-5.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                67 k
 openexr-libs                                                                               x86_64                                                       3.1.10-8.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               1.1 M
 openjpeg2                                                                                  x86_64                                                       2.5.2-4.el10_0.1                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               203 k
 pango                                                                                      x86_64                                                       1.54.0-3.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               367 k
 pixman                                                                                     x86_64                                                       0.43.4-2.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               286 k
 poppler                                                                                    x86_64                                                       24.02.0-6.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                               1.2 M
 poppler-data                                                                               noarch                                                       0.4.11-9.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                               2.2 M
 poppler-glib                                                                               x86_64                                                       24.02.0-6.el10                                                               ol10_appstream                                                               191 k
 rsvg-pixbuf-loader                                                                         x86_64                                                       2.57.1-9.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                15 k
 urw-base35-bookman-fonts                                                                   noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               861 k
 urw-base35-c059-fonts                                                                      noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               888 k
 urw-base35-d050000l-fonts                                                                  noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                                80 k
 urw-base35-fonts                                                                           noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               9.5 k
 urw-base35-fonts-common                                                                    noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                                20 k
 urw-base35-gothic-fonts                                                                    noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               656 k
 urw-base35-nimbus-mono-ps-fonts                                                            noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               808 k
 urw-base35-nimbus-roman-fonts                                                              noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               870 k
 urw-base35-nimbus-sans-fonts                                                               noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               1.3 M
 urw-base35-p052-fonts                                                                      noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               987 k
 urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts                                                       noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                                45 k
 urw-base35-z003-fonts                                                                      noarch                                                       20200910-21.el10                                                             ol10_appstream                                                               280 k
 xml-common                                                                                 noarch                                                       0.6.3-65.el10                                                                ol10_appstream                                                                42 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  67 Packages

Total download size: 36 M
Installed size: 128 M
Downloading Packages:
<略>
Installed:
  ImageMagick-libs-1:7.1.1.43-1.el10_0.x86_64                   LibRaw-0.21.3-1.el10_0.x86_64                               adobe-mappings-cmap-20230622-5.el10.noarch                 adobe-mappings-cmap-deprecated-20230622-5.el10.noarch       adobe-mappings-pdf-20190401-9.el10.noarch                         
  cairo-1.18.2-2.el10.x86_64                                    cairo-gobject-1.18.2-2.el10.x86_64                          cups-filesystem-1:2.4.10-11.el10.noarch                    cups-libs-1:2.4.10-11.el10.x86_64                           fftw-libs-double-3.3.10-15.el10.x86_64                            
  fontconfig-2.15.0-7.el10.x86_64                               fribidi-1.0.14-4.el10.x86_64                                gd-2.3.3-20.el10_0.x86_64                                  gdk-pixbuf2-2.42.12-4.el10_0.x86_64                         giflib-5.2.1-22.el10.x86_64                                       
  google-droid-sans-fonts-20200215-22.el10.noarch               gpgmepp-1.23.2-6.el10.x86_64                                graphviz-9.0.0-15.el10.x86_64                              highway-1.2.0-7.el10_0.x86_64                               imath-3.1.10-4.el10.x86_64                                        
  jasper-libs-4.1.0-5.el10.x86_64                               jbig2dec-libs-0.20-7.el10.x86_64                            jbigkit-libs-2.1-31.el10.x86_64                            lcms2-2.16-6.el10.x86_64                                    libXft-2.3.8-8.el10.x86_64                                        
  libXpm-3.5.17-5.el10.x86_64                                   libXrender-0.9.11-8.el10.x86_64                             libdatrie-0.2.13-11.el10.x86_64                            libgs-10.02.1-16.el10_0.x86_64                              libijs-0.35-24.el10.x86_64                                        
  libjpeg-turbo-3.0.2-4.el10.x86_64                             libjxl-1:0.10.4-1.el10_0.x86_64                             liblerc-4.0.0-8.el10.x86_64                                liblqr-1-0.4.2-26.el10_0.x86_64                             libpaper-1:2.1.1-7.el10.x86_64                                    
  libraqm-0.10.1-1.el10_0.x86_64                                librsvg2-2.57.1-9.el10.x86_64                               libthai-0.1.29-10.el10.x86_64                              libtiff-4.6.0-6.el10_0.x86_64                               libtool-ltdl-2.4.7-13.el10.x86_64                                 
  libwebp-1.3.2-8.el10.x86_64                                   libwmf-lite-0.2.13-6.el10_0.x86_64                          libzip-1.10.1-5.el10.x86_64                                openexr-libs-3.1.10-8.el10.x86_64                           openjpeg2-2.5.2-4.el10_0.1.x86_64                                 
  pango-1.54.0-3.el10.x86_64                                    php-intl-8.3.19-1.el10_0.x86_64                             php-pecl-imagick-3.8.0-1.el10_0.x86_64                     php-pecl-zip-1.22.3-5.el10.x86_64                           pixman-0.43.4-2.el10.x86_64                                       
  poppler-24.02.0-6.el10.x86_64                                 poppler-data-0.4.11-9.el10.noarch                           poppler-glib-24.02.0-6.el10.x86_64                         rsvg-pixbuf-loader-2.57.1-9.el10.x86_64                     urw-base35-bookman-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch                  
  urw-base35-c059-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch                 urw-base35-d050000l-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch           urw-base35-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch                   urw-base35-fonts-common-20200910-21.el10.noarch             urw-base35-gothic-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch                   
  urw-base35-nimbus-mono-ps-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch       urw-base35-nimbus-roman-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch       urw-base35-nimbus-sans-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch       urw-base35-p052-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch               urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch      
  urw-base35-z003-fonts-20200910-21.el10.noarch                 xml-common-0.6.3-65.el10.noarch                            

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

これで、サイトヘルスステータスのパッケージ関連のメッセージは消えた。

手順12: WordPressの.htaccess有効化

/var/www/html/wordpress/.htaccess が作成されているが、Oracle Linux 8のhttpd標準設定ではこれを読み込むようにはなっていない。

これが有効になっていないと、パーマリンク設定を「基本」から変えた場合に個別記事にアクセスできなくなる。

/etc/httpd/conf.d/wordpress.conf にファイルを作って設定する。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/wordpress.conf
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/wordpress.conf 
&lt;Directory /var/www/html/wordpress/>
 Allowoverride All
&lt;/Directory>
[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

手順13: OS自動更新の設定

メンテナンスがめんどくさくなって忘れる可能性があるので、Oracle Linux 10の自動更新設定を実施。

dnf-automatic パッケージをインストールします。

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo dnf install dnf-automatic -y
Last metadata expiration check: 1:14:05 ago on Tue 09 Sep 2025 01:42:02 PM JST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                                    Architecture                                                        Version                                                                            Repository                                                                       Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 dnf-automatic                                                              noarch                                                              4.20.0-12.0.1.el10_0                                                               ol10_baseos_latest                                                              191 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 191 k
Installed size: 77 k
Downloading Packages:
<略>
Installed:
  dnf-automatic-4.20.0-12.0.1.el10_0.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

Complete!
[opc@oci10 ~]$ 

/etc/dnf/automatic.conf 内の「apply_updates = no」を「apply_updates = yes」に変更

[opc@oci10 ~]$ sudo vi /etc/dnf/automatic.conf 
[opc@oci10 ~]$ cat /etc/dnf/automatic.conf 
[commands]
#  What kind of upgrade to perform:
# default                            = all available upgrades
# security                           = only the security upgrades
upgrade_type = default
random_sleep = 0

# Maximum time in seconds to wait until the system is on-line and able to
# connect to remote repositories.
network_online_timeout = 60

# To just receive updates use dnf-automatic-notifyonly.timer

# Whether updates should be downloaded when they are available, by
# dnf-automatic.timer. notifyonly.timer, download.timer and
# install.timer override this setting.
download_updates = yes

# Whether updates should be applied when they are available, by
# dnf-automatic.timer. notifyonly.timer, download.timer and
# install.timer override this setting.
apply_updates = yes

# When the system should reboot following upgrades:
# never                              = don't reboot after upgrades
# when-changed                       = reboot after any changes
# when-needed                        = reboot when necessary to apply changes
reboot = never

# The command that is run to trigger a system reboot.
reboot_command = "shutdown -r +5 'Rebooting after applying package updates'"


[emitters]
# Name to use for this system in messages that are emitted.  Default is the
# hostname.
# system_name = my-host

# How to send messages.  Valid options are stdio, email and motd.  If
# emit_via includes stdio, messages will be sent to stdout; this is useful
# to have cron send the messages.  If emit_via includes email, this
# program will send email itself according to the configured options.
# If emit_via includes motd, /etc/motd file will have the messages. if
# emit_via includes command_email, then messages will be send via a shell
# command compatible with sendmail.
# Default is email,stdio.
# If emit_via is None or left blank, no messages will be sent.
emit_via = stdio


[email]
# The address to send email messages from.
email_from = root@example.com

# List of addresses to send messages to.
email_to = root

# Name of the host to connect to to send email messages.
email_host = localhost

# Port number to connect to at the email host.
email_port = 25

# Use TLS or STARTTLS to connect to the email host.
email_tls = no


[command]
# The shell command to execute. This is a Python format string, as used in
# str.format(). The format function will pass a shell-quoted argument called
# `body`.
# command_format = "cat"

# The contents of stdin to pass to the command. It is a format string with the
# same arguments as `command_format`.
# stdin_format = "{body}"


[command_email]
# The shell command to use to send email. This is a Python format string,
# as used in str.format(). The format function will pass shell-quoted arguments
# called body, subject, email_from, email_to.
# command_format = "mail -Ssendwait -s {subject} -r {email_from} {email_to}"

# The contents of stdin to pass to the command. It is a format string with the
# same arguments as `command_format`.
# stdin_format = "{body}"

# The address to send email messages from.
email_from = root@example.com

# List of addresses to send messages to.
email_to = root


[base]
# This section overrides dnf.conf

# Use this to filter DNF core messages
debuglevel = 1
[opc@oci10 ~]$

そしてdnf-automatic.timerを有効化し、開始します。

$ sudo systemctl enable dnf-automatic.timer
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/timers.target.wants/dnf-automatic.timer → /usr/lib/systemd/system/dnf-automatic.timer.
$ sudo systemctl status dnf-automatic
○ dnf-automatic.service - dnf automatic
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnf-automatic.service; static)
     Active: inactive (dead)
TriggeredBy: ○ dnf-automatic.timer
$ sudo systemctl start dnf-automatic.timer
$ sudo systemctl status dnf-automatic.timer
● dnf-automatic.timer - dnf-automatic timer
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnf-automatic.timer; enabled; pres>
     Active: active (waiting) since Tue 2023-09-12 13:11:00 JST; 5s ago
      Until: Tue 2023-09-12 13:11:00 JST; 5s ago
    Trigger: Wed 2023-09-13 06:44:33 JST; 17h left
   Triggers: ● dnf-automatic.service
Sep 12 13:11:00 ホスト名 systemd[1]: Started dnf-automatic timer.
$

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